In April 2022, the world was informed about 65 suspected instances of espionage in Catalonia. The revelation came through a report and data jointly released by The Citizen Lab, a public policy institution at The University of Toronto, and Amnesty Tech, a cybersecurity division of Amnesty International. Following their investigation, these special interest groups leveled direct accusations against the Spanish government, alleging the utilization of surveillance technology developed by Israeli cyber intelligence firms NSO Group and Candiru, LTD to target Catalan civil society.