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Linux - Tips for a fresh Debian install (Debian 8 Jessie - Stable)
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<blockquote data-quote="Soulbound" data-source="post: 395383" data-attributes="member: 33155"><p>For the users who are not fully familiar with Debian or wish to try out Debian instead of other distributions, this guide will help you.</p><p></p><p>Below are some keypoints one should do to make Debian more usable, since unlike for example Ubuntu based distributions, not everything is ready to use out of the box.</p><p></p><p>Why would a new user use Debian over for example a user friendly Ubuntu based distribution? One reason: Stability and a rock solid system.</p><p></p><p>So for those who wish, let's dive in to the tweaks:</p><p></p><p></p><p>NOTE: Screenshots are taken from my Netbook with 1 GB Ram, running Debian 8 KDE just for testing purposes. Needless to say, after writing this guide, I am reinstalling it from scratch and opt again for XFCE 4.10.</p><p></p><p>Step 1:</p><p><a href="https://www.debian.org/CD/http-ftp/" target="_blank">Download Debian 8 Jessie</a>: Download only DVD1 for your architecture (i386 for 32 bit, amd64 for 64 bits)</p><p></p><p></p><p>Step 2:</p><p>Burn Image into a DVD or use YUMI to create a bootable USB Image and fire up the system (make sure you configure your BIOS accordingly). I will not really go over the install guide but you can simply select Install or Graphic Install and follow the prompts. If you want to see screenshots of each step, just google Debian 8 Install guide.</p><p></p><p>NOTE: When prompted to select/use Mirrors, granted you have internet connection, please do so, otherwise you will have to manually add some repositories (repos).</p><p></p><p>System is installed, time to reboot.</p><p></p><p></p><p>Step 3:</p><p>Configure Repos</p><p></p><p>Launch your terminal (in KDE case is called Konsole) and type:</p><p></p><p></p><p>Then enter your password</p><p></p><p>Type:</p><p></p><p></p><p>You will be presented with a list of links. </p><p></p><p>Add:</p><p></p><p></p><p>This will uncomment the link, meaning it will disable, so that when you check for updates for the sources, it will not look at the dvd installer. Optionally, you can just remove both deb cdrom entries, but I prefer to uncomment it.</p><p></p><p>Next, you will need to add contrib non-free in every link just after main.</p><p>This will allow you to install other dependencies, software etc that is not by default shipped with Debian out of the box.</p><p></p><p>Finally add the following at the end of the file to allow multimedia codecs etc:</p><p></p><p></p><p>Screenshot:</p><p><img src="http://i.imgur.com/pOQ8Etx.png[" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p></p><p>Now press CTRL X and then Y to save and Enter.</p><p></p><p>NOTE: Because Jessie just recently been release to Stable branch, I will leave Jessie there but for future proof, you can rename Jessie to Stable and it will always look at Stable source list regardless of the new version code name in a few years time.</p><p></p><p></p><p>Step 4:</p><p>Time to update the system but before that lets find the fastest mirror for our source lists.:</p><p></p><p>In the terminal, type the following commands:</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>Now in the same terminal window once netselect has been installed, we will need to run it:</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>It will check all servers and in the end will give you the fastest servers. Screenshot below is the example for my location. Simly replace the links in the original source list or just disable it and add the new ones.</p><p></p><p><img src="http://i.imgur.com/9zJYdja.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p></p><p>Now type: clear</p><p></p><p>Time to install some needed stuff and update the system via the terminal:</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>Optional Step:</p><p>For VirtualBox users only (running Debian in VirtualBox).</p><p></p><p>You will need to install the following packages in order to install Guest Additions:</p><p></p><p>Run the following in the terminal:</p><p></p><p>NOTE: Do not close the terminal</p><p></p><p>Once you have finished m-a prepare command, insert the Guest Additions via Device menu in VirtualBox window and then back in the terminal run:</p><p></p><p></p><p>Now restart the system.</p><p></p><p></p><p>Step 5:</p><p>Add user to SUDO group</p><p>Unlike Ubuntu for example, in Debian you need to manually add your user account into the SUDO group. Example below is using my user account inkurax. Please replace inkurax with your username</p><p></p><p>In the terminal run:</p><p></p><p></p><p>A text file configuration will open and on the very end of the file add:</p><p></p><p></p><p></p><p>Press CTRL X, then Y then Enter to save the file.</p><p></p><p>Screenshot:</p><p><img src="http://i.imgur.com/EZybP2w.png" alt="" class="fr-fic fr-dii fr-draggable " style="" /></p><p></p><p></p><p>Step 6:</p><p>Make your life easier:</p><p></p><p>Assuming you want to install Chromium, you will need to install the Flash plugin</p><p></p><p></p><p>If you prefer to use Iceweasel, which is the non branded Firefox, then you will need the flash plugin:</p><p></p><p></p><p>Packages to install (some might already be installed):</p><p>synaptic package manager – graphical package management tool which enables you to install, upgrade and remove software packages.</p><p>apt-xapian-index – maintenance and search tools for a Xapian index of Debian packages</p><p>gdebi – simple tool to install deb packages</p><p>gksu – graphical front end for su</p><p></p><p></p><p>Additional stuff you might want to install: refer to my Linux Config in the signature.</p><p></p><p>Topics not covered:</p><p><a href="http://backports.debian.org/" target="_blank">Backports</a></p><p><a href="https://wiki.debian.org/HowToUpgradeKernel" target="_blank">Upgrading Kernel</a></p><p><a href="https://wiki.debian.org/DebianTesting" target="_blank">Moving to Testing/Sid Branch instead of Stable</a></p><p>Apt Pinning methods: <a href="https://wiki.debian.org/AptPreferences" target="_blank">Link 1</a> <a href="http://jaqque.sbih.org/kplug/apt-pinning.html" target="_blank">Link 2</a></p><p></p><p>The above topics can be read in the relevant links.</p></blockquote><p></p>
[QUOTE="Soulbound, post: 395383, member: 33155"] For the users who are not fully familiar with Debian or wish to try out Debian instead of other distributions, this guide will help you. Below are some keypoints one should do to make Debian more usable, since unlike for example Ubuntu based distributions, not everything is ready to use out of the box. Why would a new user use Debian over for example a user friendly Ubuntu based distribution? One reason: Stability and a rock solid system. So for those who wish, let's dive in to the tweaks: NOTE: Screenshots are taken from my Netbook with 1 GB Ram, running Debian 8 KDE just for testing purposes. Needless to say, after writing this guide, I am reinstalling it from scratch and opt again for XFCE 4.10. Step 1: [URL='https://www.debian.org/CD/http-ftp/']Download Debian 8 Jessie[/URL]: Download only DVD1 for your architecture (i386 for 32 bit, amd64 for 64 bits) Step 2: Burn Image into a DVD or use YUMI to create a bootable USB Image and fire up the system (make sure you configure your BIOS accordingly). I will not really go over the install guide but you can simply select Install or Graphic Install and follow the prompts. If you want to see screenshots of each step, just google Debian 8 Install guide. NOTE: When prompted to select/use Mirrors, granted you have internet connection, please do so, otherwise you will have to manually add some repositories (repos). System is installed, time to reboot. Step 3: Configure Repos Launch your terminal (in KDE case is called Konsole) and type: Then enter your password Type: You will be presented with a list of links. Add: This will uncomment the link, meaning it will disable, so that when you check for updates for the sources, it will not look at the dvd installer. Optionally, you can just remove both deb cdrom entries, but I prefer to uncomment it. Next, you will need to add contrib non-free in every link just after main. This will allow you to install other dependencies, software etc that is not by default shipped with Debian out of the box. Finally add the following at the end of the file to allow multimedia codecs etc: Screenshot: [img]http://i.imgur.com/pOQ8Etx.png[[/img] Now press CTRL X and then Y to save and Enter. NOTE: Because Jessie just recently been release to Stable branch, I will leave Jessie there but for future proof, you can rename Jessie to Stable and it will always look at Stable source list regardless of the new version code name in a few years time. Step 4: Time to update the system but before that lets find the fastest mirror for our source lists.: In the terminal, type the following commands: Now in the same terminal window once netselect has been installed, we will need to run it: It will check all servers and in the end will give you the fastest servers. Screenshot below is the example for my location. Simly replace the links in the original source list or just disable it and add the new ones. [img]http://i.imgur.com/9zJYdja.png[/img] Now type: clear Time to install some needed stuff and update the system via the terminal: Optional Step: For VirtualBox users only (running Debian in VirtualBox). You will need to install the following packages in order to install Guest Additions: Run the following in the terminal: NOTE: Do not close the terminal Once you have finished m-a prepare command, insert the Guest Additions via Device menu in VirtualBox window and then back in the terminal run: Now restart the system. Step 5: Add user to SUDO group Unlike Ubuntu for example, in Debian you need to manually add your user account into the SUDO group. Example below is using my user account inkurax. Please replace inkurax with your username In the terminal run: A text file configuration will open and on the very end of the file add: Press CTRL X, then Y then Enter to save the file. Screenshot: [img]http://i.imgur.com/EZybP2w.png[/img] Step 6: Make your life easier: Assuming you want to install Chromium, you will need to install the Flash plugin If you prefer to use Iceweasel, which is the non branded Firefox, then you will need the flash plugin: Packages to install (some might already be installed): synaptic package manager – graphical package management tool which enables you to install, upgrade and remove software packages. apt-xapian-index – maintenance and search tools for a Xapian index of Debian packages gdebi – simple tool to install deb packages gksu – graphical front end for su Additional stuff you might want to install: refer to my Linux Config in the signature. Topics not covered: [URL='http://backports.debian.org/']Backports[/URL] [URL='https://wiki.debian.org/HowToUpgradeKernel']Upgrading Kernel[/URL] [URL='https://wiki.debian.org/DebianTesting']Moving to Testing/Sid Branch instead of Stable[/URL] Apt Pinning methods: [URL='https://wiki.debian.org/AptPreferences']Link 1[/URL] [URL='http://jaqque.sbih.org/kplug/apt-pinning.html']Link 2[/URL] The above topics can be read in the relevant links. [/QUOTE]
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