1st, you have to know that :
Mint comes from Ubuntu that comes from Debian.
also that there is different default "design" , by this i mean :
Unlike Windows 9x to 8 (which has only one desktop possible), each Linux distro has several Desktop "module" that is plugged on the Windows Manager (this one you don't see it) , itself plugged on the Kernel.
so taking, for example, my distro is Mint Cinnamon , it means i used Mint's Kernel with Cinnamon Desktop; but you also have Mint Mate or Mint KDE , etc... i practice you can have several desktop usable,
Which is better in terms of:
- Overall: Mint is based on Ubuntu but was "improved" , some says it is better.
- Performance: Mint, it uses half the resources of Ubuntu; on my system 300-400mb RAM and same cpu usage as Win8.1.1
- Design: just a matter of taste, you should try all the Desktop ; personally i prefer Mint
- Features: Ubuntu is more popular and has more features than Mint , why it uses more RAM.
- Security: That i the fun part , Linux by default is very secure; on Ubuntu & Mint you can't access to the true admin account (called Root) like Windows, you are under limited rights; but you can get admin rights (aka superuser priviledges) via elevated commands (for managing tasks. It means you don't need any security softs ! not saying that you have far less malwares in Linux than Windows.
- Other: ubuntu is the "Windows of Linux" and was designed to be like this ; also it has a bigger software center (aka Linux"playstore").
Kali Linux is a distro based on debian and purposely made for forensic with dozen of penetration tools ; some people call it the Hacker OS
Is there any special language needed to use Terminal in Linux.
No, it is the real shell of Linux , you have to learn its commands to run Linux properly. it means you can run Linux without a desktop just via terminal; it is why Linux is more used in the industry than Windows; because you need less resources/hardwares
for final note, other members will have different opinions since we select a distro based on preferences and needs , we are not bound by Microsoft.