What it means
A trusted phone number can receive Apple Account verification codes by text or call. A trusted device is an Apple device already signed in with two-factor authentication and capable of displaying verification prompts and assisting with account changes.
A real-world example
If your iPhone is lost and its number was the only trusted number, having no other trusted device can make sign-in hard. Adding an independent number in advance changes that recovery situation.
What to do
Review numbers and devices in Apple Account Sign-In & Security. Confirm a second number works and remove any line you no longer control. Keep a recovery contact or key as another independent route.
The distinction that matters
A recovery contact is a separate person helping account recovery; adding their number as a trusted number has different security implications. Apple documents these roles and warns about single-device dependence.
Apple's trusted devices and numbers guide