What it means
A Windows quality update usually delivers smaller fixes and security improvements more frequently. A feature update is a larger version change with new capabilities. Microsoft says quality updates can sometimes include features too, so the categories are not a perfect description of every visible UI change.
A real-world example
A printer breaks after a restart. The Update history shows both a quality update and a driver update near the same time. Their dates provide leads, but the last listed update is not automatically the cause.
What to do
Open Settings → Windows Update → Update history, record the exact update names and dates, then compare with the symptom's first occurrence. Prefer a vendor fix or targeted troubleshooting before uninstalling security updates.
The distinction that matters
Not every update can be uninstalled, and removing one may leave known vulnerabilities unfixed. Microsoft's Windows Update FAQ describes the two categories and the update-history path.
Microsoft's Windows Update FAQ