Alan Turing was a renowned British mathematician, computer scientist, logician, and philosopher who is hailed as the "Father of Computer Science." He is best known for his intellectual contributions to cracking the Nazis' Enigma code during World War II, which saved countless lives and shortened the war by several years. Turing also developed the concept of the Universal Machine, which served as the philosophical basis for modern computers. Unfortunately, his life was plagued by social and legal persecution due to his homosexuality, which was then a criminal offence in the UK. Turing died at an early age of 42, possibly from suicide, and his contributions to computer science and cryptography were only recognized posthumously.