Ok, apart from it being a failure, Bitcoin is digital and therefore fast. How can that prohibit any laundering, if you can just make several hundred 599$ transactions?
Any aggregate number of transactions that appear suspicious must also be reported. It is the institution's or person's obligation to observe and report such transactions - even a lowly cashier standing behind a cash register or at a PC. Not reporting can get one into a lot of trouble. Even firms such as Walmart must provide extensive training on the subject - because the regulations cover all transactions... cash, credit cards, etc. A Walmart employee must report if they see someone buying a large number of gift cards - as just a single example. U.S. authorities will track down that individual.
If someone wants to pay in a structured manner, 5000 individual payments of $50 or make the same payment in 25 million pennies or 2500 $100 bills - which are all suspicious - it gets reported to the U.S. government.
U.S. banks, exchanges, retailers, etc - they all watch like hawks. Exchanges like Robinhood routinely shutdown accounts for even the slightest appearance of impropriety or money laundering. It is required by law. The U.S. Treasury, Homeland Security, Internal Revenue Service, Securities and Exchange Commission - they are just looking to make examples of people circumventing the laws.