To know why, it's important to know how exactly malware and antivirus software works in general.
Having malware just sitting somewhere on your PC isn't actually doing any damage whatsoever. Yes, you can literally have
ransomware.exe stored on your SSD and it won't do any damage at all. Because, in order for it to encrypt all your files and spread across the network,
ransomware.exe needs to be running in the memory (RAM); just then it can do damage. And this isn't valid only for .
exe files, it's valid for all types of files, including scripts.
So why is running quick/full scan unnecessary? Every time you click on a file, even if you don't run it, your antivirus is notified and starts scanning that particular file to see if it's malicious. Each antivirus software works on a different level, some might scan all the contents of the folder on visit; some might scan file when you try to run it. But in general, they all perform scan when you go to interact with the file. They do it for every single file on your PC. It's also known as
on-access scanning.
If you ever wondered why your file doesn't launch immediately as soon as you click on it, there's your answer. Antivirus won't let you open anything until it scans the file to make sure it's completely safe. Regarding how well the antivirus software is optimized, this can be done unnoticeable or it can take a few seconds before the file is opened. Same goes for downloads. Have you ever noticed how when you download something from the internet, it stays at 100% for a few seconds? Yeah, that means file is 100% downloaded, the additional waiting is your antivirus scanning your file to see if it's safe. This is why as soon as you download malware, nothing gets saved to your disk and antivirus promptly quarantines the threat.
Alright Marko, if that's the case like you said, then why are all antivirus software do regularly quick scan on their own?
Easy. It's just another check just to be sure you don't have malware saved in areas where it's most commonly found. It's certainly always better not to have malicious file then to have it, right? This is also the reason why running it manually is unnecessary; your antivirus does it daily on its own. Even if you had malicious file that wasn't previously detected saved somewhere, as soon as you run it, if it's in their database, it's getting detected. Regardless if you did quick scan or not.
Quick scan is always done in idle or when the computer has enough free resources. Your antivirus for surely won't run it when you're actively using your PC and it's made like this on purpose not to disturb you while you're working and because quick scan is optional. If it can be done, alright, if it can't, alright as well; no harm either way.
I never run a scan manually because I only download files from legit sources and I'm not opening attachments from unknown e-mail addresses. I let Defender scan whenever it wants and have turned off notifications for scans (it was annoying saying to me constantly how no threats were found).